Figures seen by DW show how many people were caught by the German Federal Police after they entered the country irregularly between January and November 2018. The total number is probably higher.
More than 38,000 people were caught entering Germany irregularly between January and November 2018, German Federal Police have told DW.
Over 28,000 people entered Germany by land, with most — some 10,300 — entering from Austria.
By comparison, about 9,270 people arrived without documents at airports and more than 1,120 people at sea ports.
Most of the migrants were from Afghanistan, Nigeria, Iraq, Syria and Turkey.
Figures likely too low
The true number of irregular entries was likely higher because the figures did not include the number of people who were not caught after entering the country, police said.
Most unauthorized immigrants entered Germany via land borders
- Land 28,141
- Airports 9,274
- Ports 1,128
(Source: German Federal Police)
The figures were also higher for Austria because temporary border checks were most comprehensive along the German-Austrian border, they added.
The next highest number of unauthorized crossings was registered at Germany's border with the Czech Republic (3,931), followed by Switzerland (3,724) and France (3,406).
Read more: Bavaria demands random police checks across Germany
Fall since 2015
Some 14,000 people who entered Germany by land irregularly in 2018 traveled on buses or trains, according to figures seen by the Rheinische Post newspaper.
The total number of unauthorized arrivals has been falling since 2015, when Federal Police caught more than 217,000 people entering the country irregularly.
That figure fell to nearly 112,000 in 2016 and again in 2017 to just over 50,000.
Most unauthorized arrivals were from Austria
- Austria 10,319
- Czech Republic 3,931
- Switzerland 3,724
- France 3,406
- Belgium 1,939
- Poland 1,870
- Denmark 1,361
- Netherlands 1,340
- Luxembourg 251
(Source: German Federal Police)
Focus on Austria
German Parliamentarians have argued repeatedly over the country's migration policy since German Chancellor Angela Merkel's decision to allow nearly a million people from North Africa and the Middle East to enter the country in mid-2015.
Read more: Refugees in Germany: Are they still welcome today?
Most migrants entered the country from Austria, prompting the government to reimpose border checks along the German-Austrian border in late 2015. The government stepped up those checks again in June 2018.
Controls along Germany's land border with other countries are less extensive. All of its neighbors are members of the 26-country visa-free Schengen zone.
Police checks of passengers' identity documents on buses and trains may end soon. The European Court of Justice has ruled that Germany's Schengen membership prohibits such controls.
Germany's Federal Administrative Court still needs to review the decision.